ResponsibleBrush

organic cotton goods

2006-10-30T14:40:00.000-08:00

Liv organic cotton goods are soft luxurious nad affordable and they have a huge range of organic clothing.

Tare

2005-04-03T21:58:00.000-07:00

Also called Darnel, noxious weed of the ryegrass (q.v.) genus Lolium.

English Literature, The later Romantics: Shelley, Keats, and Byron

2005-04-03T09:10:00.000-07:00

The poets of the next generation shared their predecessors' passion for liberty (now set in a new perspective by the Napoleonic wars) and were in a position to learn from their experiments. Percy Bysshe Shelley in particular was deeply interested in politics, coming early under the spell of the anarchistic views of William Godwin, whose Enquiry Concerning Political

Viseu

2005-04-03T03:06:00.000-07:00

Town, capital, and concelho (township), Viseu distrito (“district”), northern Portugal, southeast of Porto. The town's notable landmarks include the Romanesque and Gothic cathedral (12th and 16th centuries) and the Grão-Vasco Museum, which is dedicated to the works of a 16th-century school of painting headquartered in Viseu. Nearby are the ancient city of Vaca and the Cava de Viriato,

Biblical Literature, Zechariah

2005-04-02T20:10:00.000-08:00

Though little is known about Zechariah's

Genée, Dame Adeline

2005-04-01T13:54:00.000-08:00

At eight she was adopted by her aunt and uncle, the dancers who trained her for the ballet. Her early appearances were in Germany. From 1897 until 1907 she was prima ballerina at the Empire Theatre in London.

Kahnweiler, Daniel-henry

2005-04-01T10:53:00.000-08:00

Trained for a career in finance, Kahnweiler instead chose art and settled in Paris, where he opened a small gallery in 1907. He became interested in the work of several young artists

Beak Style

2005-03-30T04:33:00.000-08:00

Distinctive use of birdlike forms in human figures carved in wood in the lower Sepik and Ramu regions of Papua New Guinea. The head of the figure is generally placed on a short neck that connects it to a thick body, over which a long, beaklike nose often projects. Facial features have a thin, linear quality that emphasizes the downward thrust of the nose and contrasts

Farjeon, Eleanor

2005-03-30T02:42:00.000-08:00

The daughter of a British novelist and granddaughter of a U.S. actor, Eleanor Farjeon grew up in the bohemian literary and dramatic circles of London. Attending opera and

B-1

2005-03-29T20:21:00.000-08:00

U.S. variable-wing strategic bomber that entered service in 1986 as a successor to the B-52 Stratofortress. The B-1 was designed to penetrate radar-guided air defenses by flying at low levels. It was built in two versions by Rockwell International. The B-1A, first flown in 1974, was designed to reach twice the speed of sound at high altitudes and to carry nuclear bombs and short-range attack

Fragonard, Jean-honoré

2005-03-29T08:41:00.000-08:00

Fragonard was the son of a haberdasher's assistant. The family moved to Paris about 1738, and in 1747 the boy was apprenticed to a lawyer, who, noticing his appetite for drawing, suggested that he be taught painting. François Boucher was prevailed

Kidepo Valley National Park

2005-03-27T06:01:00.000-08:00

National park, northeastern Uganda, East Africa. It occupies an area of 540 square miles (1,399 square km) in wooded grasslands and mountainous scenery in the northeastern corner of the country. It straddles the Kidepo and Larus rivers, which are seasonally dry except for some permanent pools on the Larus. Mount Morungole on the east and the Lotuku Ridge rising in The Sudan to

Mugabe, Robert

2005-03-26T19:22:00.000-08:00

The son of a village carpenter, Mugabe was trained as a teacher in a Roman Catholic mission

Allentown

2005-03-26T10:23:00.000-08:00

City, seat (1812) of Lehigh county, eastern Pennsylvania, U.S. Situated on the Lehigh River, Allentown, with Bethlehem and Easton, forms an industrial complex. William Allen, mayor of Philadelphia and later chief justice of Pennsylvania, laid out the town (1762), naming it Northampton. It was incorporated as the borough of Northampton in 1811 and was later (1838) officially renamed Allentown

Mansur, Abu Yusuf Ya'qub Al-

2005-03-25T08:56:00.000-08:00

When his father, Abu Ya'qub Yusuf, died on July 29, 1184, Abu Yusuf Ya'qub succeeded to the throne with minor difficulties. In November factious tribes in Algeria captured Algiers and other towns, but by 1188 he had pacified his African territories

Macaroon

2005-03-24T19:41:00.000-08:00

Cake flour is often used as a base for the essential ingredients of macaroons. These are worked together and flavoured with

O'grady, Standish James

2005-03-24T09:15:00.000-08:00

O'Grady graduated from Trinity College, Dublin, in 1868. Introduced to the ancient heroic and romantic literature

Altruism

2005-03-23T16:22:00.000-08:00

In ethics, a theory of conduct that regards the good of others as the end of moral action. The term (French altruisme, derived from Latin alter, “other”) was coined in the 19th century by Auguste Comte, the founder of Positivism, and adopted generally as a convenient antithesis to egoism. As a theory of conduct, its adequacy depends on an interpretation of “the good.” If the term

Skara Brae

2005-03-23T09:57:00.000-08:00

One of the most perfectly preserved Stone Age villages in Europe, which was covered for hundreds of years by a sand dune on the shore of the Bay of Skaill, Mainland, Orkney Islands, Scot. Exposed by a great storm in 1850, four buildings were excavated during the 1860s by William Watt. After another storm in 1926, further excavations were undertaken by the Ancient Monuments branch of

Athena

2005-03-22T05:57:00.000-08:00

Also spelled Athene in Greek religion, the city protectress, goddess of war, handicraft, and practical reason, identified by the Romans with Minerva (q.v.). She was essentially urban and civilized, the antithesis in many respects of Artemis, goddess of the outdoors. Athena was probably a pre-Hellenic goddess and was later taken over by the Greeks. Yet the Greek economy, unlike that

Ha'aretz

2005-03-21T07:20:00.000-08:00

Metalation

2005-03-20T08:00:00.000-08:00

Any chemical process by which a metal atom is introduced into an organic molecule to form an organometallic compound, but more commonly the process involving a hydrogen–metal exchange. An example is the metalation of benzene (C6H6) by reaction with ethylsodium (C2H5Na), forming phenylsodium (C6H5Na) and ethane (C2H6). Metalation by means of hydrogen–metal exchange is a very powerful

Vereeniging

2005-03-20T00:55:00.000-08:00

Town, Gauteng province, South Africa. It lies along the Vaal River, south of Johannesburg, at the Free State border. Its name, which is an Afrikaans word meaning “association,” refers to the coal-mining association that owned the town when it was founded in 1892. Peace negotiations to end the South African War took place there in 1902, and the resulting treaty was named after the town.

Shi

2005-03-19T03:10:00.000-08:00

Also called dan the basic unit of weight in ancient China. The shi was created by Shi Huang Di, who became the first emperor of China in 221 BC and who is celebrated for his unification of regulations fixing the basic units. He fixed the shi at about 60 kg (132 pounds). The modern shi is equivalent to 71.68 kg (157.89 pounds).

China, Efforts to prevent civil war

2005-03-18T19:25:00.000-08:00

Between May and September 1944, representatives of the government and the CCP carried on peace negotiations at Sian. The main issues were the disposition, size, and command of the Communist armies; the relationship between Communist-organized regional governments and the National Government; and problems of civil rights and legalization of the CCP and its activities

All Saints' Day

2005-03-18T16:15:00.000-08:00

In the Christian church, a day commemorating all the saints of the church, both known and unknown, celebrated on November 1 in the Western churches and on the first Sunday after Pentecost in the Eastern churches. Its origin cannot be traced with certainty, and it has been observed on various days in different places. A feast of all martyrs was kept on May 13 in the Eastern

Jacob Joseph Of Polonnoye

2005-03-18T03:10:00.000-08:00

Jacob Joseph was a rabbi in the large Jewish community at Shargorod, in Podolia; after he came under the influence of the Ba'al Shem Tov, the founder of Hasidism, he was expelled (c. 1748) from Shargorod. He was subsequently rabbi of Rashkov, Nemirov, and ultimately Polonnoye, where he remained

Rye House Plot

2005-03-16T20:42:00.000-08:00

(1683), alleged Whig conspiracy to assassinate or mount an insurrection against Charles II of England because of his pro-Roman Catholic policies. The plot drew its name from Rye House at Hoddeston, Hertfordshire, near which ran a narrow road where Charles was supposed to be killed as he traveled from a horse meet at Newmarket. By chance, according to the official narrative,

Haakon Ii Sigurdsson

2005-03-16T17:47:00.000-08:00

On the death of his uncle King Eystein II in 1157, the 10-year-old Haakon received the support of Eystein's partisans against the rival king, Inge I, whom they finally defeated and killed in 1161. In 1162, however, the supporters of another pretender, Magnus Erlingsson, defeated the forces of the boy-king Haakon and killed him.

Sogamoso

2005-03-16T15:04:00.000-08:00

City, Boyacá departamento, east-central Colombia. It lies along the Chicamocha River in the Andean Cordillera (mountains) Oriental, at an elevation of 8,428 feet (2,569 m) above sea level. Once a sacred city of the pre-Columbian Chibcha Indians, Sogamoso is a commercial and manufacturing centre for the surrounding agricultural and pastoral lands. Flour and textile milling and

Christie, Julie

2005-03-16T13:55:00.000-08:00

Christie was born on her father's Indian tea plantation but was educated in England and France. She studied acting at London's Central School for

Malankarese Catholic Church

2005-03-14T21:32:00.000-08:00

The Syrian Orthodox Church came into existence in 1653, when the Christians of St. Thomas—as the Indian Christians of Malabar (now Kerala) called themselves—broke with Rome after severe Latinization by Portuguese

Khakass

2005-03-14T07:47:00.000-08:00

Also spelled Khakas, or Hakas, people who have given their name to Khakassia republic in central Russia. The general name Khakass encompasses five Turkic-speaking groups that differ widely in their ethnic origin as well as in their culture and everyday life: the Kacha, Sagay (Sagai), Beltir, Kyzyl, and Koybal. Before the Russian Revolution of 1917 the Kacha were seminomadic pastoralists raising cattle,

Soissons, Louis De Bourbon, Count (comte) De

2005-03-14T06:24:00.000-08:00

The only son of Charles de Bourbon, he inherited his father's Soissons title in 1612. After taking the side of Marie de Médicis, the queen mother, in 1620, he served Louis XIII against the Huguenots in 1622. Later involved in intrigues against Cardinal

Parakeet

2005-03-14T04:47:00.000-08:00

Also spelled Parrakeet any of numerous seed-eating parrots of small size, slender build, and long, tapering tail. In this sense the name is given to some 115 species in 30 genera of the subfamily Psittacinae (family Psittacidae) and has influenced another parrot name, lorikeet (see parrot). To indicate size only, the name is sometimes extended to little parrots with short, blunt tails, as the hanging

Animal, Pseudocoelomates, or aschelminths

2005-03-13T02:55:00.000-08:00

The pseudocoelomates include the nematodes, rotifers, gastrotrichs, and introverts. Some members of some other phyla are also, strictly speaking, pseudocoelomate. These four phyla of tiny body size (many species no larger than the bigger protozoans) are placed together in part because they lack mesoderm on the inner side of the body cavity. Consequently, no tissue,

Fairfield

2005-03-12T17:06:00.000-08:00

Fairfield is now a trade

Malankarese Catholic Church

2005-03-12T05:20:00.000-08:00

After clipping out pieces of leaves with their jaws, the fragments

Metaethics

2005-03-12T04:04:00.000-08:00

Analytic philosophers, also known as philosophers of language, distinguish between the first-order language, in which all humans communicate with one another, and the second-order

Aaron, Hank

2005-03-11T13:56:00.000-08:00

Aaron, a right-hander, began his professional career in 1952, playing shortstop for a few months with the Indianapolis Clowns of the Negro American

Index Librorum Prohibitorum

2005-03-11T11:33:00.000-08:00

Compiled by official censors, the Index was an implementation of one part of the teaching function of the Roman Catholic

Cape Tulip

2005-03-11T11:24:00.000-08:00

A few species have white flowers. Some species are variously known as Natal paintbrush, Catherine wheel, giant paintbrush, and

Melanchthon, Philipp

2005-03-10T22:43:00.000-08:00

Melanchthon was present when the protest, from which the term Protestant originated, was lodged in the name of freedom of conscience against the Roman Catholic majority at the Second Diet of Speyer (1529). At the Diet of Augsburg (1530) Melanchthon was the leading representative of the Reformation, and it was he who prepared the Augsburg Confession, which influenced every subsequent

Kara-yo

2005-03-09T10:18:00.000-08:00

(Japanese: “Chinese style”), one of the three main Japanese styles of Buddhist temple architecture in the Kamakura period (1192–1333). Kara-yo originally followed Chinese forms that featured strict symmetry on a central axis. The word kara-yo is written with the character that stands for the Chinese T'ang dynasty (618–907), but the style seems to have represented the official building code

Epistemology, G.F.W. Hegel

2005-03-09T08:24:00.000-08:00

Empiricism takes cognition

Land League

2005-03-08T17:15:00.000-08:00

Irish agrarian organization that worked for the reform of the country's landlord system under British rule. The league was founded in October 1879 by Michael Davitt, the son of an evicted tenant farmer and a member of the Fenian (Irish Republican) Brotherhood. Davitt asked Charles Stewart Parnell, leader of the Irish Home Rule Party in the British Parliament, to preside

Møre Og Romsdal

2005-03-08T15:29:00.000-08:00

Fylke (county), western Norway. The county faces the Norwegian Sea. It includes the Stadlandet (peninsula) in the south and extends northward to Trondheim Fjord. The county seat is Molde. The bleak Dovre Mountains embrace an inland corner of its terrain that is characterized by a fjord-indented coastline, rugged peaks, deep valleys, and many offshore islands. About half

Sino-japanese War

2005-03-07T14:21:00.000-08:00

(1937–45), conflict that broke out when China began full-scale resistance to the expansion of Japanese influence in its territory (begun in 1931). In an effort to unseat the Nationalist government of Chiang Kai-shek, the Japanese occupied large areas of eastern China in 1937–38. A stalemate then ensued, and Japanese forces were diverted to Southeast Asia and to the Pacific War against the

Computers, Von Neumann's Preliminary Discussion

2005-03-07T09:13:00.000-08:00

But the design of the modern, or classical, computer did not fully crystallize until the publication of a 1946 paper by Arthur Burks, Herman Goldstine, and John von Neumann titled “Preliminary Discussion of the Logical Design of an Electronic Computing Instrument.” Although many researchers contributed ideas directly or indirectly to the paper, von Neumann was the principal

Neptune

2005-03-06T15:48:00.000-08:00

Neptune's festival (Neptunalia) took place in the heat of the summer (July 23), when water was scarcest; thus, its purpose was probably the propitiation of the

Bruni, Leonardo

2005-03-06T13:56:00.000-08:00

Bruni was secretary to the papal chancery from 1405 and served as chancellor of Florence from 1427 until his death in 1444. His Historiarum Florentini populi libri XII (1610; “Twelve Books of Histories of the Florentine People”) is the first history of Florence based on a critical examination of the

Snowdrop

2005-03-05T14:57:00.000-08:00

Several species, including common snowdrop (G. nivalis) and giant snowdrop (G. elwesii), are cultivated as ornamentals for their nodding, sometimes fragrant flowers. They

Adelaide

2005-03-04T19:49:00.000-08:00

Capital of the state of South Australia. Situated at the base of the Mount Lofty Ranges, 9 miles (14 km) inland from the centre of the eastern shore of the Gulf St. Vincent, it has a Mediterranean climate with hot summers (February mean temperature 74° F [23° C]), mild winters (July mean 54° F [12° C]), and an average annual rainfall of 21 inches (530 mm). The site, chosen in 1836 by William Light (the colony's first surveyor

Yuzhno-sakhalinsk

2005-03-04T18:52:00.000-08:00

Also spelled Iuzhno-sakhalinsk, or Juzno-sachalinsk, city and administrative centre of Sakhalin oblast (province), far eastern Russia. It lies in the south of Sakhalin Island on the Susuya River, 26 miles (42 km) north of the port of Korsakov. Originally the Japanese settlement of Toyohara, Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk passed to the Soviet Union in 1945 and was given its present name in 1946. It is a communications hub, with railways that extend to

Hovey, Richard

2005-03-04T08:56:00.000-08:00

After graduating from Dartmouth in 1885, Hovey studied art and theology and in 1887 met Bliss Carman, the poet, with whom he later collaborated. Hovey lectured on aesthetics at the Farmington School of Philosophy and, for the last two years of his life, at Columbia University, where he held a post as professor

Morat, Battle Of

2005-03-03T18:33:00.000-08:00

The Swiss had been drawn into war as allies of the Holy Roman emperor Frederick III and

Monasticism, Sikhism

2005-03-03T18:32:00.000-08:00

Sikhism, founded by the Punjabi reformer Nanak, was and is a martial version of Hinduism. Of all the indigenous Indian religions, it was the least sympathetic to monastic inspirations. The aforementioned Sikh monastic Nirmal-akhada and the quasi-monastic Nihang Sahibs are patently compromises with the overall Indian trend to establish monastic traditions to express

Fibre

2005-03-02T07:44:00.000-08:00

Also spelled Fiber, in textile production, basic unit of raw material having suitable length, pliability, and strength for conversion into yarns and fabrics. A fibre of extreme length is a filament. Fibres can occur naturally or can be produced artificially. See Man-Made Fibres; natural fibre.

California, Flag Of

2005-03-02T02:47:00.000-08:00

In the Bear Flag Revolt of 1846, which occurred during the Mexican-American War, a group of American settlers in what was then the Mexican-ruled territory of California proclaimed independence and hoisted the original Bear Flag (June 14, 1846). The following month American naval forces seized control of the area, and the flag of the short-lived California Republic was replaced

Weissenfels

2005-03-01T15:37:00.000-08:00

City, Saxony-Anhalt Land (state), eastern Germany. It lies on the right bank of the Saale River, south of Halle. A German town on the site of an old Slav settlement, it was chartered in 1185, when it belonged to the Saxon House of Wettin. It was the residence of the dukes of Saxe-Weissenfels from 1656 to 1746 and passed to Prussia in 1815. The Baroque castle (1660–93) is preserved, and the town museum has a notable

Eisenerz

2005-03-01T02:54:00.000-08:00

Town, Bundesland Steiermark (federal province of Styria), Austria, in the Erzbach Valley, at the northern foot of the Erzberg (Ore Mountain; 5,033 ft [1,534 m]), northwest of Leoben. Iron has been mined on the Erzberg by terraced open-pit methods since Roman times, and Eisenerz (“iron ore”) is the principal centre of Austrian iron mining, supplying most of the nation's total output. Notable

Conductors Play Musical Chairs

2005-02-28T11:47:00.000-08:00

In recent years conductors have increasingly become the musical equivalents of professional athletes, parlaying their high-profile public personas and singular skills in a market that is driven by professional excellence and name value. Given that, 2003 was a particularly busy year for conductors, many of whom played their own version of musical chairs at orchestras

Orange River

2005-02-28T03:29:00.000-08:00

The first white man known to cross the river to the north bank was an Afrikaner elephant hunter, Jacobus Coetsee, who forded the Groot River, as it was then called, near the river mouth in 1760. Later expeditions across the river in the 18th century were led by the Afrikaner explorer Hendrik Hop; Robert Jacob Gordon, a Dutch officer; William Paterson, an English traveler; and the

Muhallab Ibn Abi Sufra, Al-

2005-02-27T10:15:00.000-08:00

Al-Muhallab first served under the caliph Mu'awiyah, campaigning in India and raiding the country between Kabul and Multan. Later he was stationed in the eastern provinces, leading expeditions against the Central Asian city

Hsin-yang

2005-02-27T01:24:00.000-08:00

Pinyin Xinyang city in southern Honan sheng (province), China. Hsin-yang is in the very south of the Honan plain, in the basin between the Ta-pieh Mountains and the Huai River. It has traditionally been on a cultural divide between the plain and the hilly districts to the south. It was also a natural route centre on the Shih River, a tributary of the Huai. The Shih has become passable for relatively

Libya, Settlement patterns

2005-02-26T19:16:00.000-08:00

Libya is divided into three regions—the western region (formerly Tripolitania province), the eastern region (formerly Cyrenaica province), and the southern region (formerly Fezzan province). Two-thirds of the population lives in the western region, the majority in Tripoli and other cities along the coast and on the Nafusah Plateau. About 20 percent of the people live in

Chase, Salmon P(ortland)

2005-02-26T09:34:00.000-08:00

Chase received part of his education from his uncle Philander Chase, the first Episcopal bishop of Ohio

Nafud, An-

2005-02-25T23:53:00.000-08:00

Desert, northern Saudi Arabia, covering about 25,000 square miles (64,000 square km). The reddish, sandy An-Nafud (Arabic: “The Desert”) is sometimes called the Great Nafud; it lies at an elevation of 3,000 feet (900 m) and has some watering places and grass that provide for nomadic herding and agriculture. The desert has been a barrier to travel for ages; its frequent sandstorms shape immense dunes.

Papillon

2005-02-25T09:09:00.000-08:00

Breed of toy dog known from the 16th century, when it was called a dwarf spaniel. A fashionable dog, it was favoured by Madame de Pompadour and Marie Antoinette, and it appeared in paintings by some of the Old Masters. The name papillon (French: “butterfly”) was given to the breed in the late 19th century, when a variety with large, flaring ears resembling the wings of a butterfly

Impact Crater

2005-02-25T06:59:00.000-08:00

Any feature on the continents that has been created by the impact of cosmic bodies (meteorites, asteroids, or comets) on the Earth's surface. In fact, the collision of a Mars-sized body with the Earth early in the history of the solar system may have caused the formation of the Moon and the continents themselves, or rather the ocean/continent dichotomy of the Earth's outer

Cineas

2005-02-24T01:03:00.000-08:00

Thessalian who served as chief adviser to Pyrrhus, king of Epirus in Greece. In 281 Cineas attempted, without success, to dissuade Pyrrhus from invading Italy. After Pyrrhus defeated the Romans at Heraclea in Lucania (280), Cineas was sent to Rome to negotiate a peace. According to the 2nd-century-AD Greek historian Appian, he demanded that the Romans halt their aggression

Ashley, Maurice

2005-02-23T13:10:00.000-08:00

Ashley moved to Brooklyn, New York, with his family when he was 12 years old. He soon took up chess and excelled at the game, becoming a national master in 1986 and an International Master in 1993. From 1991 to 1997 Ashley was the chess director of the Harlem Educational Activities Fund, Inc., where

C.b.

2005-02-23T06:26:00.000-08:00

Companion of the Bath, member of a British order of knighthood, although this rank does not confer knighthood. See Bath, The Most Honourable Order of the.

Breckenridge

2005-02-23T01:07:00.000-08:00

City, seat (1862) of Summit county, central Colorado, U.S. Situated at an elevation of 9,600 feet (2,926 metres), Breckenridge was the scene of one of the earliest gold strikes in Colorado, in 1859; the town grew around the goldfields, and within a decade it contained several fine hotels and theatres. The present downtown preserves the character of the original city centre, and some 250 of its buildings

Annelid, Life span

2005-02-22T11:15:00.000-08:00

Since both the polychaetes and oligochaetes are able to regrow lost parts—i.e., regenerate (see below)—it may appear that they are essentially ageless. Few longevity studies have been carried out with polychaetes, however. Most of the adults of species studied have a characteristic number of segments, which form rapidly during early life and prior to the appearance

Quantitative Chemical Analysis

2005-02-21T21:09:00.000-08:00

Branch of chemistry that deals with the determination of the amount or percentage of one or more constituents of a sample. A variety of methods is employed for quantitative analyses, which for convenience may be broadly classified as chemical or physical, depending upon which properties are utilized. Chemical methods depend upon such reactions as precipitation,

Coleman, Ornette

2005-02-21T08:01:00.000-08:00

Coleman began playing alto, then tenor saxophone as a teenager and soon became a working musician in dance bands and rhythm-and-blues groups. Early in his career, his approach to harmony was already unorthodox

Arabia, History Of, Quraysh

2005-02-20T22:39:00.000-08:00

According to Muslim tradition, Mecca had at one time been in the hands of Jurhum, a people living on the central west coast recorded in Greco-Latin sources as Gorrhamites. But sometime about AD 500 (“five generations before the Prophet Muhammad”) Qusayy ibn Kilab, called al-Mujammi' (“The Unifier”), is credited with having brought together scattered groups of Bedouin and installed

Argentina, Oil, steel, and motor vehicles

2005-02-20T07:40:00.000-08:00

The steel industry in Argentina

Fibreglass

2005-02-19T15:17:00.000-08:00

Glass fibres were little more than a novelty until the 1930s, when their thermal and electrical insulating properties were appreciated and methods for producing continuous glass filaments were developed. Modern manufacture begins with liquid glass obtained directly

Leaf-rolling Grasshopper

2005-02-19T11:36:00.000-08:00

Also called Wingless Cricket (family Gryllacrididae), any of a group of orthopteran insects that are wingless or nearly wingless and have long cerci and antennae. The California leaf roller (Camptonotus carolinensis), about 15 mm (0.5 inch) long, is active at night, as are other members of this family. The leaf-rolling grasshopper spends the day in a leaf that it rolls and ties with silk; at night the insect

Arundel, Richard Fitzalan, 4th Earl Of, 10th Earl Of Surrey

2005-02-19T10:52:00.000-08:00

He began as a member of the royal council during the minority of Richard II and about 1381 was made one of the young king's governors. About 1385 he joined the baronial party led by the King's uncle, Thomas of Woodstock, duke of Gloucester, and in 1386 was a member of the commission appointed to regulate the kingdom and the royal household.

Eastern Orthodoxy, God and man

2005-02-18T11:16:00.000-08:00

The Greek Fathers of the church always implied that the phrase found in the biblical story of the creation of man (Gen. 1:26), according to “the image and likeness

Sunda Shelf

2005-02-17T23:05:00.000-08:00

Stable continental shelf, or platform, a southward extension of mainland Southeast Asia. Most of the platform is covered by shallow seas, including the southern South China Sea, the Gulf of Thailand, and the Java Sea, averaging less than 330 feet (100 m) in depth. Borneo and parts of Java, Sumatra, and associated islands are eroded metamorphic sections of the shelf left above sea

Memory Abnormality, Traumatic amnesia

2005-02-17T17:42:00.000-08:00

On recovery of consciousness after trauma, a person who has been knocked out by a blow on the head at first typically is dazed, confused, and imperfectly aware of his whereabouts and circumstances. This so-called posttraumatic confusional state may last for an hour or so up to several days or even weeks. While in this condition, the individual appears unable to store

Kubelík, Rafael

2005-02-17T06:16:00.000-08:00

He was a son of the violinist Jan Kubelík and studied composition and conducting at the Prague Conservatory. He conducted the Czech

Hindustani Music

2005-02-16T19:55:00.000-08:00

The music of northern India and Pakistan that developed as a distinct type from the late 12th or early 13th century, when the Islamic conquest of the northern parts of the subcontinent brought special emphasis to Arabic and Iranian musical practices, which merged with ancient Hindu traditions. The latter traditions, less affected by foreign influences, remain in the

Thomas, W(illiam) I(saac)

2005-02-14T14:03:00.000-08:00

Thomas taught sociology at the University of Chicago (1895–1918), the New School for Social Research, New York City (1923–28), and Harvard University (1936–37). His Sex and

Lynchburg

2005-02-14T09:41:00.000-08:00

City, administratively independent of, but located in, Campbell and Bedford counties, south-central Virginia, U.S. It is situated on the James River, in the foothills of the Blue Ridge Mountains. The city grew from a ferry landing settled in 1757 by Quakers; it was named for John Lynch, the ferry operator who owned the original town site. During the American Revolution, John's

Anne And Joachim, Saints

2005-02-14T07:41:00.000-08:00

Kathleen Ashley and Pamela Sheingorn (eds.), Interpreting Cultural Symbols: Saint Anne in Late Medieval Society (1990), covers the fields of art history, literature, religion, and social history.

Muhammad Ibn Falah

2005-02-14T07:17:00.000-08:00

Muhammad ibn Falah was reputed to be descended from the seventh Shi'ite imam, Musa al-Kazim. He received a traditional Islamic religious education in al-Hillah, a famous centre for Shi'ite studies. As a student he was noted for his extremist religious views, which bordered on heresy, and he

Palatalization

2005-02-13T14:25:00.000-08:00

In phonetics, the production of consonants with the blade, or front, of the tongue drawn up farther toward the roof of the mouth (hard palate) than in their normal pronunciation. Palatalized consonants in Russian are pronounced as if attempting simultaneously to pronounce a particular consonant and a y sound; in English, the ny in “canyon” approximates a palatalized

Europe, Concert Of

2005-02-13T02:09:00.000-08:00

In the post-Napoleonic era, the vague consensus among the European monarchies favouring preservation of the territorial and political status quo. The term assumed the responsibility and right of the great powers to intervene and impose their collective will on states threatened by internal rebellion. The powers notably suppressed uprisings in Italy (1820) and Spain

Egypt, Political life

2005-02-13T00:32:00.000-08:00

The political history of the Mamluk state is complex; during their 264-year reign, no fewer than 45 Mamluks gained the sultanate, and once, in desperate circumstances, a caliph (in 1412) was briefly installed as sultan. At times individual Mamluks succeeded in establishing dynasties, most notably Sultan Qala'un (ruled 1279–90), whose progeny ruled Egypt, with two short interruptions, until 1382. Often

Qantas Airways Limited

2005-02-12T06:29:00.000-08:00

Australian airline, the oldest in the English-speaking world, founded in 1920 as Queensland and Northern Territory Aerial Services Ltd. (from which the name Qantas was derived). Its first operations were taxi services and joy flights. By the late 20th century, however, its scheduled air routes extended throughout Australasia and farther termini of San Francisco and Vancouver;

Indonesia, The French and British in Java, 180615

2005-02-11T19:24:00.000-08:00

The fall of the Netherlands to France during the Revolutionary Wars and the dissolution of the company led in due course to significant changes in the administration of the Indies. Under Napoleon's “Kingdom of Holland,” one of his marshals, Herman Willem Daendels, was appointed as governor-general. Daendels strengthened Javanese defenses, raised new forces, built

Medicine, Britain

2005-02-11T14:22:00.000-08:00

Public health services in Britain are organized locally under the National Health Service. The medical officer of health is employed by the local council and is the adviser in health matters. The larger councils employ a number of mostly full-time medical officers; in some rural areas, a general practitioner may be employed part-time as medical officer of

Hinton

2005-02-10T09:05:00.000-08:00

City, seat (1871) of Summers county, southeastern West Virginia, U.S., on the New River, near the mouth of the Greenbrier River. Laid out in 1831, it became a railway maintenance facility and rail-shipping point in 1871 with the arrival of the Chesapeake and Ohio Railway. The early 20th century was the boom time for Hinton; the railroad had at one time about 1,000 employees. However, this volume of activity

Manchineel

2005-02-10T08:06:00.000-08:00

Also called Poison Guava (Hippomane mancinella), tree of the genus Hippomane, of the spurge family (Euphorbiaceae), that is famous for its poisonous fruits. The manchineel is native mostly to sandy beaches of the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico. Its attractive, single or paired yellow-to-reddish, sweet-scented, applelike fruits have poisoned Spanish conquistadores, shipwrecked

Africa

2005-02-09T02:03:00.000-08:00

Africa's total land area is approximately 11,724,000 square

ResponsibleBrush

organic cotton goods

Tare

English Literature, The later Romantics: Shelley, Keats, and Byron

Viseu

Biblical Literature, Zechariah

Genée, Dame Adeline

Kahnweiler, Daniel-henry

Beak Style

Farjeon, Eleanor

B-1

Fragonard, Jean-honoré

Kidepo Valley National Park

Mugabe, Robert

Allentown

Mansur, Abu Yusuf Ya'qub Al-

Macaroon

O'grady, Standish James

Altruism

Skara Brae

Athena

Ha'aretz

Metalation

Vereeniging

Shi

China, Efforts to prevent civil war

All Saints' Day

Jacob Joseph Of Polonnoye

Rye House Plot

Haakon Ii Sigurdsson

Sogamoso

Christie, Julie

Malankarese Catholic Church

Khakass

Soissons, Louis De Bourbon, Count (comte) De

Parakeet

Animal, Pseudocoelomates, or aschelminths

Fairfield

Malankarese Catholic Church

Metaethics

Aaron, Hank

Index Librorum Prohibitorum

Cape Tulip

Melanchthon, Philipp

Kara-yo

Epistemology, G.F.W. Hegel

Land League

Møre Og Romsdal

Sino-japanese War

Computers, Von Neumann's Preliminary Discussion

Neptune

Bruni, Leonardo

Snowdrop

Adelaide

Yuzhno-sakhalinsk

Hovey, Richard

Morat, Battle Of

Monasticism, Sikhism

Fibre

California, Flag Of

Weissenfels

Eisenerz

Conductors Play Musical Chairs

Orange River

Muhallab Ibn Abi Sufra, Al-

Hsin-yang

Libya, Settlement patterns

Chase, Salmon P(ortland)

Nafud, An-

Papillon

Impact Crater

Cineas

Ashley, Maurice

C.b.

Breckenridge

Annelid, Life span

Quantitative Chemical Analysis

Coleman, Ornette

Arabia, History Of, Quraysh

Argentina, Oil, steel, and motor vehicles

Computers, Von Neumann's Preliminary Discussion

Indonesia, The French and British in Java, 180615